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West India Company's laws extending protections towards the company's enslaved laborers.
Documentation of the West India Company's protection over what they referred to as "company property" in the Dutch colony. -
An explanations of the 1638 Dutch law forbidding WIC slaves from personal economic gain, as well as acts of immortality in New Amsterdam.
An explanation of a 1638 municipal law of New Amsterdam that forbids West India Company slaves from trading furs, or an opportunity of economic gain. Also defines acts of immortality in 1638 New Amsterdam and the connection of black people with immortality. -
The arrival and treatment of the Dutch's West India Company's enslaved Africans.
Simon Williamson's founded research on the arrival West India Company slaves, along with examples of enslaved black people buying their freedom and white colonists being punished for interacting with a black person during the Dutch Period. -
Modern-day celebration of the Pinkster holiday by black people in Hudson Valley New York.
Photograph of a modern day celebration of the Dutch holiday, Pinkster, by black people in New York's Hudson Valley region. An example of traditional cultural assimilation as evidence of colonialism, as well as a holiday of leisure that was allowed to be celebrated by the black denizens of 17th century New Amsterdam. -
New Amsterdam highlighted within present-day Lower Manhattan.
Screenshot from the YouTube video "What's left of New Amsterdam in Lower Manhattan - 2/4" at 1:01. Uploaded by New Netherland Now. -
Amsterdam in New Netherland, 1653-1664.
An illustrated map depicting the growth of the New Amsterdam colony in the larger New Netherland settlement. -
1651 Depiction of Fort Amsterdam and the surrounding New Amsterdam colony along with European ships and the indigenous people of the region.
A 1651 Illustration of possible depiction of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan along with the surrounding colony, European ships, and indigenous peoples in the foreground. -
"Bill of Lading of 300 Merchantable Slaves To Be Delivered At The Manhattans, 21 July 1664." Doc. 86, pg. 198. The Curaço Papers, 1640-1665 Volume 17. Documentation of the West India Company's activities in the 17th century Caribbean islands.
Documentation of the West India Company's activities in the Caribbean during the seventeenth century as well as the importing of enslaved people to New York. -
"Land Patents: New York Colonial Manuscripts." Documentation of land lot grants to Black denizens, including ex-company slaves.
Land lots granted by the Director Genera of New Amsterdaml to various people, including Africans as well as those previously enslaved in the 1660s. -
Questions of a Dutch-period slave market, and the establishment of the Slave Block in British-period New York.
Documented inquiries on the existence of a public slave market during 17th century Dutch period, along with the documented establishment of a Slave Market in 18th century British New York. -
The Dutch Church of early 17th century New Amsterdam and its stance on Black New Yorkers being Christians.
A collection of excerpts pertaining to slavery in the Dutch Period and the Church's stance towards converting black people, freed or enslaved, into Christians. As well as the moral clashing of the Church with the presence of slavery. -
A description of all black denizens of the New Netherland settlement celebrating the Pinkster holiday.
An essay description of black people, enslaved or otherwise, participating in the Dutch holiday of celebratory dance and leisure. -
Redrawing of the 1660 Castello Plan of New Amsterdam.
1916 redraft of the original drawing in the Biblioteca-Medicea Laurenziana of Florence, Italy. The drawing was prepared under the supervision of I.N. Phelps Stokes.